Teaching †Reflections, Questions, Decisions

Introduction Teaching – reflection, questions, decisions Becoming a professional and caring teacher is, indeed, a challenging task because one should conceive the main elements of effective learning, planning, and teaching with particular reference to existing social, cultural and political aspects affecting children in schools. More importantly, an outstanding teacher should be a great decision-maker and problem-solver as well because coping with children presupposes facing a number of challenges in ethical, moral, and psychological terms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching – Reflections, Questions, Decisions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All decisions and problems should be presented with regard to the current law and regulations establishing the basic teaching procedures. In addition, a future instructor should be aware of the roles he/she will take while dealing with students with diffe rent learning backgrounds. Incorporating all the above-presented components into a complex unit enables future teachers to understand what it means to become a great teacher and what the basics of quality teaching are. With regard to the discussed issues, a good teacher should take into the deepest consideration such aspects as teaching strategies and classroom management, analysis of learning environment in terms of planning and learning objectives, and assessment of existing teaching roles aimed at fostering effective decision-making and problem-solving. Main discussion Main Attributes of Quality Teaching in an Effective Learning Environment Collaborative Learning and Group Discussion as Instructional Strategies The majority of teachers often face a great variety of instructional modes aimed at ensuring students’ involvement into a learning process. Nevertheless, it is often problematic for teachers to apply for all techniques because of students’ restricted interest s and abilities, lack of teachers’ experience of using a particular instructional mode, and limitations connected to number of students in classes, and available facilities and technologies used to meet the learning objectives (Marsh, 2008, p. 164). In this regard, March (2008) and Briggs and Potter (1999) explain effective techniques and strategies allowing teachers to reduce or eliminate the above-enumerated shortcomings of a learning environment. In particular, March (2008) is more concerned with representing specific approaches to exposing information to students in the form of lectures, expository talks, and teacher presentations and highlighting their main advantages and disadvantages. In contrast, Briggs and Potter (1999) consider collaborative learning and interaction as a viable solution to solving the problems with increased number of students in class. The researchers also focus on the productivity and benefits of working in teams where diversity and acquisition of various skills and abilities is highly emphasized (Briggs and Potter, 1999, p. 255). With regard to the theoretical concepts and frameworks put forward by the scholars, future teachers should strike the balance while selecting specific techniques in delivering information and pay attention to the limitation factors while learning and planning the curriculum.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Questioning Classifications as an Essential Instructional Tool Beside the necessity to analyze the types of information delivery, teaching also involves proper analysis of knowledge that students have achieved at the end of the course. In this regard, questioning is one of the methods for evaluating the level of knowledge and skills being acquired. According to Whitton et al. (2004), there are different classifications of questions contributing to checking students’ knowledge and evaluating their skills, such as psycho-social and pedagogical, analytical, and evaluative, or empirical, and open or closed questions. Incorporating all these types of questions, a teacher will manage to cover and assess the full potential of a student. Each lesson should be followed by a questionnaire; teachers are even encouraged to apply to questions at the beginning of the lesson as a brainstorm activity. Therefore, the quality of composed questions influences greatly on defining the actual students’ level of proficiency. Philosophy of Constructivism and Constructivist Teaching While preparing and conducting lectures, presenting specific talks and explaining different notions and concepts, teacher should pay close attention to they way students think and perceive information. In this respect, some teachers prefer using textbook and worksheets for students to acquire knowledge and understand the materials while others, the adherents of the constructivist teaching believe that using empirical situations is much more effective in extracting specific concepts and ideas from logical deductions (Kamii and Lewis, 1990, p. 36). In this respect, teacher should actively interact with students to provide them with an opportunity to invent their own approaches for acquiring and understanding the new material. Problem Solving, Decision-Making and Analysis Other Instructional Modes Apart from studying the techniques of delivering information, teachers may encounter a number of other challenges. Particularly, especial importance is attached to teaching problem solving as well as the way students should approach a particular dilemma. According to Flewelling and Higginson (2003), â€Å"problems arise, problems occur, problems are encountered as the student engage (along with others) in sense making† (p. 92). To enlarge on this issue, the entire process of learning and knowledge acquisition can be perceived a change of problems and challenges to be overcome. While passi ng though a sense-making sequence, students inevitable face events, situations, and issues that include uncertainty, difficulty, and ambiguity and the teacher’s task is to provide the best solutions to these problems. Planning and Teaching the Learning Experiences With Regard to Writing and Assessment Planning Curriculum and Lessons The process of planning curriculum and lessons is very intrinsic and complicated because it entail a number of specific stages enclosed in a cycle. Grounwater et al. (2011) single out four dimension of a planning cycle making the learning process effective. Hence, in order to begin the planning process â€Å"†¦a teacher need to have knowledge of the students in the class, the curriculum area to be taught, specific details about the school and community, and in particular knowledge of him or herself† (Groundwater et al., 2011, p. 135). All these components create the next stage of the cycle that of planning that, in its turn, involves t he consideration of content, prior experiences, objectives, theoretical concepts, and practical resources. It should be noted that each item in the plan should properly explored, evaluated, and explained. Using this model of planning the lessons will allow teacher deliver information in the most accurate and appropriate way.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching – Reflections, Questions, Decisions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Strategies for Outlining the Learning Objectives Planning the learning cycle also presupposes the analysis of learning objectives and outcomes, which is also of great significance for learners. In this regard, there are specific criteria for presenting the learning objectives in the most favorable way as presented by Marsh (2008), Barry and King (1998), and Fetherston (2006). All the scholars support the idea that failure to write effective learning objective lies in teachersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ inability to adequately assess behavioral patterns in terms of learning performance. Hence, Marsh (2008) suggests that evidence of achievement, conditions of performance, and acceptable levels of performance are the very behavioral criteria contributing to presenting accurate goals for the learning course (p. 132). Similarly, Barry and Kind (1998) have highlighted the main shortcomings of writing an objective with particular reference to the way students exhibit and perform rather than the way they acquire knowledge. For instance, teacher should not identify the task with the learning outcomes, but specify why students should accomplish this particular assignment. Finally, Fetherston (2006) is also congruent with the above-presenting techniques to expose information in the behavioral context, taking into consideration the circumstances under which the objective will be carried out. In whole, the effectiveness of lessons planned will largely depend on the specifics of the est ablished objectives, the context of the learning process, the number and length of the course, and accuracy and experience of teacher’s knowledge. Elements of Professional and Ethical Practice with Particular Reference to Child Protection and Duty of Care Professionalism, Teaching and the Law Focus on the quality and ‘professionalism’ of teaching is really indispensible to increasing current academic standards. Preston (1992) sheds light on historical perspectives and refers them to the contemporary development of the educational system in Australia to highlight any shifts and problems. To be more exact, the problem lies in perceiving the professionalism of a teacher as a social status but not as a measurement of teaching quality. Therefore, the concept of professionalism should be premised on the actual practice that â€Å"can improve the conditions and quality of teaching†¦and improve the work and situation of teacher educators† (Preston, 1992, p. 6 ). Aside from professional underpinning, teacher should also adhere to existing legal aspects of a learning process. Both teachers and their students should be aware of existing human and civic rights. In particular, the instructors must be on guard of social interaction and communication between peers to avoid psychological and moral pressures.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, it is a teacher’s duty to keep the learning environment safe from bullying and mobbing (Keith, 2004, p. 22). In addition, physical and verbal abuse will also be considered as a serious infringement resulting in an immediate action. At this point, teacher’s ‘professionalism’ also consists in fair and equal treatment of all students irrespective of social status. Discussing Professional Ethics and Teaching Roles ` The concept of professionalism and quality of teaching is also based on ethical aspects used by teachers. However, behaving ethical is often perceived differently due to the existing a great number of ethical theories and frameworks. In order to avoid misconceptions and uncertainty, a specific code of teaching ethics should be introduced for solving moral problems. Grainwater et al. (2011) have presented their own vision on the code of conduct that is premised on such professional qualities as respect, caring, diligence, integrity, an d open communication. These file pillars, hence, should be strictly observed by teachers while carrying out their day-to-day practice. Teaching staff should also take responsibilities for all their actions and demonstrate their unconditional respect for students regardless existing judgment and prejudice. In addition, as social and psychological environment is constantly changing a teacher should be ready to face those shifts to adjust new, more appropriate role to meet students’ expectations and needs (Harden and Crosby, 2000, p. 335). Hence, teaching roles should be constantly improved to meet professional, ethical and legal standards of teaching for creating an effective learning environment. Diversity of Learning Backgrounds and Its Impact on Learning Environment Classroom environment and proactive teaching A careful consideration of ethical and professional underpinnings of teaching specific reveals that learning background of students is not of the least importance eith er because it affects greatly the overall performance. In this respect, Wesley (1998) introduces effective ways to become a wise and outstanding teacher and succeed in increasing the learners’ potential. Among those methods are consideration of cultural and social diversity, equal attitude and respect for students irrespective of race, believing in students’ skills and talents and aspiration for introducing innovative and unconventional approaches to teaching (Wesley, 1998, p. 80). All these techniques are encouraged by March (2008) and Bennet (1994) who believe that all challenges and moral dilemmas can be easily overcome with the help of carefully selected teaching strategies. Proactive classroom management and student misbehavior: Although certain effective professional and ethical codes are firmly established in the learning environment, it does not mean that it is deprived of problems of students’ aggression and misbehavior. Such cases should also be treate d with reference to specific techniques such the one proposed by Bennet (1994) and Marsh (2008). In particular, they focus on low-key responses that might positively improve the atmosphere in the class, such as ignorance, patients, exclusive attention, and great commitment to the subject of teaching. In whole, teachers should know that if student is not interested in your subject that can be a sign that your teaching techniques are not effective enough. Conclusion The overall analysis of theoretical approaches and techniques that teachers apply as well as the introduction of professional, ethical and legal aspects of instructional mode provide a clear picture concerning what gaps a teacher should fulfill to become a real professional. To begin with, he/she should place an emphasis on students’ psychological, social, and cultural background that greatly effects their perception and attitude to the subject. Second, a teacher should have an empathy and respect for their learners whose loyalty largely depends on this factor. Finally, teacher should decide which roles they should take to adjust to a constantly changing learning environment. Reference List Barry, K. and King, L. (1998). Beginning teaching and beyond. Tuggerah, N.S.W.: Social Science Press. Bennet, B. (1994). Bump 1 – Preventing and Responding to Misbehavior through Low-Key Responses. in Classroom Management: A Thinking and Caring Approach. Toronto: Bookation. pp. 187-218. Briggs, F., and Potter, J. (1999). The Early Years of School. Australia: Pearson Education. Fetherston, T. (2006). Becoming an effective teacher. South Melbourne: Thompson Flewelling, G., and Higginson, W. (2003). Teaching with Rich Learning Tasks. Australia: AAMT. Groundwater-Smith, S., Ewing, R. Le Cornu, R. (2011) 4th ed., Teaching: Challenges and Dilemmas, Victoria: Cengage. Harden, R. M. and Crosby, J. (2000). AMEE Guide No 20: The Good Teacher Is More than a Lecturer – the Twelve Roles of the Teacher. Me dicalTeacher. 22(4), pp. 334-348. Kamii, C and Lewis, A. (1990). Constructivism and First-Grade Arithmetic. The Arithmetic Teacher. 38(1) pp. 36-37. Marsh, C. (2008). Becoming a Teacher: Knowledge, Skills, and Issues. Australia: Pearson Education. Preston, B. (1992). Teacher Professionalism – Implications for Teachers, Teacher Educations and Democratic Schooling. AAPEINZARE Conference. pp. 4-13. Tronc, K. (2004). Schools and the Law. Practicing Administrator. 26(1), pp. 22-24. Wesley, D. C. (1998). Eleven Ways to Be a Great Teacher. Educational Leadership. 55(5), pp. 80-81. This essay on Teaching – Reflections, Questions, Decisions was written and submitted by user Mckenz1e to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Point of Views Essays - Crime, Capital Punishment, Law, Penology

Point of Views Essays - Crime, Capital Punishment, Law, Penology Point of Views Briana Thomas University of Phoenix Should the death penalty be allowed or is this unethical punishment? This discussion is one of the controversial topics to discuss. Many people are for the death penalty as where others are totally against it. One source even states that "the death penalty does not deter crime. Countless studies prove this. In fact, executions may cause the murder rate to rise." With that being said I think they mean even that the death penalty is in effect it doesn't stop the Americans from committing murder. This article says that we should not end the death penalty as well. In this article it states "our system does make mistakes, it is not immune from discrimination, and it necessarily relies on human testimony and human judgment. When a prisoner is sentenced to life without parole - the penalty for first degree murder in Massachusetts - an error can be corrected. But one cannot raise the dead." I can see exactly where the author is coming from because some innocent people are killed due to anoth er person's word. One of the articles I found in the University Library, and it was very credible. The credibility of the article was based upon the author. The author of the first article was the Boston Globe. This author has gained credibility over the years since 1872. This newspaper is published in Boston but can be read any and everywhere. When you are dealing with a major newspaper company you automatically know that the article is credible, because they do not want to publish any false topics. This article is also credible because they go out and take ballots of how random people feel about the death penalty. The second article I found was on the internet. This article discussed the pros and cons of the death penalty. Some reasons why the death penalty is given are because it is less costly than housing a inmate with a life sentence. They also feel that if the death penalty is cut then the crime rate will increase. They feel the same way as the first article that innocent people are falsely accused. I am not so sure if this article is credible because it's a blog and everyone can come and write anything and not be true. The second article was more persuasive because it gave you a list of the pros and cons of the death penalty. It broke it down so everyone could understand it. I am a firm believer of the death penalty especially when the crimes are brutal and when the criminals continually commits crimes against elderly and children. I feel that if you do the time you should do the time. I also feel that the death penalty provides justice and some closures to the victim's family. Although it doesn't bring the person back to life, it's kind of like sweet revenge. The death penalty prevents the inmate from re-offending of released from prison. My opinion has not changed much since reading each articles, due to the fact I understand the reasoning because the death penalty. I would have to found out how when someone commits murder and they are released from prison, and they begin to change their life for the better for me to change my opinion. THE BALLOT QUESTIONS; SHOULD DEATH PENALTY BE ALLOWED IN MASSACHUSETTS: FIRST edition. (1982 , ) . Boston Globe (Pre-1997 Fulltext ) http://greengarageblog.org/list-of-10-biggest-death-penalty-pros-and-cons

The Capital Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 17

The Capital Structure - Essay Example Besides this, debt is considered cheaper by the providers of finance and it attracts tax relief on interest payments. The greater the level of debt, the more will be the financial risk to the shareholder of the company. Hence the return required would be higher. This also helps in establishing the gearing mix of a company. The higher a company is geared, the higher would be the risk involved. There are many factors that contribute towards the availability of different sources of funds. Gearing is one major issue which has a critical effect on the capital structure of a company. The higher a company is geared, the more difficult it would be for the company to raise debt finance as the institution giving out the debt would be exposed to greater risk. One view is that there is an optimal capital mix at which the average cost of capital, weighting according to the different forms of capital employed, is minimised. As for gearing increases, the return expected by ordinary shareholders beg in to rise in order to compensate them for the risk resulting from a larger share of profits going to the providers of debt. The cost is comparatively lower than the cost of equity because debt is relatively less risky from debt holder’s point of view as a debt would give the debt holder the legitimate amount of debt to which he/she is entitled to, besides the interest income, the debt can be made secure. Interest rates are usually higher on long-term debt as compared to short-term debts as the lender would require the compensation for the increased period of time he/she is deprived of his/her funds. A company finds itself committed to long-term debts with adverse interest charges and huge penalties if the debt is paid up early. Inflation and uncertainty about changes in future interest rates are one of many reasons why companies hesitate to borrow long-term debts at increased rates of interest.

ECONOMICS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ECONOMICS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE - Essay Example The Ottomans had a system that allowed them to enforce orders in the market place by ensuring that goods were sold at fair prices (Bulut 47). Since commerce was central to the triumph of the empire, the Ottomans controlled prices as well as the influx of foreign goods into the market. The markets were always patrolled by supervisors who administered strict control and justice. This control while allowed merchants to be rich, improved the organization of commerce in the market place. The Ottoman government introduced the use of coins from western countries. This was due to the demand for the use of coins in local transactions, as well as in the purchase of foreign goods. The use of coins expanded trade across the empire and improved the administration of justice and security by the government personnel (Agoston and Master 192). The use of coins and precious metal also changed the way trading was done across the empire as goods could be sold easily. Trade policies were also implemented in the Ottoman Empire, in order to restrict both the export and importation of goods. The Sultan was concerned with ensuring that its citizens had been enough goods. Because of this, the Sultan made policies that discouraged the exportation of goods to foreign nations. This was possible through the use of taxes and custom duty (Agoston and Master 192). On the contrary, the Ottoman government encouraged imports by granting foreign merchant privileges for selling goods within the empire. In order to stimulate economic growth and development of infrastructure, the Ottoman government allowed foreigners to invest in the empire, but restricted their level of benefits. This strategy was accomplished by policies that restricted the involvement of foreigners in various projects. For instance, the Ottomans stipulated that all projects done in the empire were to be of

Arab spring Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arab spring - Annotated Bibliography Example The authors argue that todays students require an altogether different training than the students who preceded them. They say that the 21st Century education is of low standard, The article analyse a person desires yearnings, academics, disposition, values, convictions, social life, attitude and governmental issues, this book paints a faultless representation of todays people. The book offers advice on how to handle current students. The authors of the article Tarek al-Tayeb Mohamed Bouazizi, a Tunisian road seller who sets himself ablaze on 17 December 2010, in challenge of the appropriation of his wares and the badgering and mortification that he reported was delivered on him by a metropolitan authority and her helpers. His protest turned into an impetus for the Tunisian Revolution and the more extensive Arab Spring, actuating shows and mobs all around Tunisia in dissent of social and political issues in the nation. General societys resentment and roughness strengthened emulating Bouazizis passing, heading then-President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali to venture down on 14 January 2011, following 23 years in power. This source was useful because it inspired protests in several other Arab countries, plus several non-Arab countries. The young Tunisian man acts as a role model in fight for human rights and freedoms. According to this article The Worlds Muslims: Unity and Diversity, Pew Forum estimates that 87-90% of the world’s Muslims are Sunnis, while 10-13% are Shias. This new study of Muslims by Pew explores the religious practices and beliefs of the world’s 1.6 billion Muslims. While there is broad agreement on core tenets of Islam, the study also finds that Muslims differs significantly on the importance of religion in their lives and on the groups and practices they accept as part of Islam. The survey was conducted in 39 countries or territories with substantial Muslim populations and

Access Inclusion Participation Disability Sport Health And Social Care Essay

Access Inclusion Participation Disability Sport Health And Social Care Essay The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) defines a disabled person as someone who has a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on their ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. (DDA, 2005). Access and inclusion into sport and physical activity is difficult for many people with a disabiltiy therefor changes must be made to ensure that every person wishing to take part can do so. This could be changing the facilities so that access is better for disabled people as well as modifying equipment and training programs so that everybody can access the facilities. There are many schemes in place to help give disabled people the opportunity to participate in sporting activities. The Federation of Disability Sport Wales (FDSW) is a pan-disability National Governing Body of Sport. The aim of the scheme is to promote and develop quality sports opportunities for people with disabilities (Disability Sports Wales, 2004). Many studies have been carried out in an increased effort to find connections between disability and physical activity but despite this increased effort problems still remain. Many young disabled people would like to take part in physical activity and in a study the majority of people surveyed expressed a preference to participate in a sporting environment if it was organised within a disability sports. (EFDS, 2005). Sports for the disabled still remain an understudied area and should be improved greatly if it is to develop. A development for disability in sport is needed because there are people who cannot participate in sport because of reasons beyond their own control. For most disabled people, their disability is not the barrier and therefore more should be done to overcome barriers that could be easily eradicated (Barton, 1989) A physically active lifestyle is associated with many health and social benefits. This is also true for those individuals who have a disability or long term health condition. Physical activity can not only decrease the danger of secondary health problems but can also improve all levels of functioning (Hidde et al. 2004). The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) defines a disabled person as someone who has a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his or her ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. (DDA, 2005) For people with a disability, accessing sporting activities can be difficult as there may not be many facilities to provide for them. Also the sports that they are able to access may not be suitable for them to be included therefore adaptations must be made to the sports to give them the opportunity to participate (Jette, 2003). This should include participation with able bodied participants also. There are schemes which run to organize safe and enjoyable sporting activities for disable people, as well as schemes that look to give access, inclusion and participation in sport for disabled and able bodied people alike (Finch et al, 2001). The Federation of Disability Sport Wales (FDSW) is a pan-disability National Governing Body of Sport. The aim of the scheme is to promote and develop quality sports opportunities for people with disabilities (Disability Sports Wales, 2004). This scheme is set in Wales but there are other schemes that work towards promoting and developing disability sport throughout the UK. This report will look at disability in sport. The main issues that will be looked at are access to take part in sports as well as the inclusion for disability in the sports. With these factors being identified, participation levels for disability in sport will be examined to see what areas of the UK are working towards giving equal opportunities for disabled children and adults. The project will study the schemes and look at how they help to allow access and inclusion to the sports and also the participation levels of disablity in sport. Rimmer et al, (2006) reported that an investigation was carried out into the accessibility of health clubs and leisure centres for people with mobility disabilities and visual impairments. The investigation studied thirty-five health clubs and fitness services in a nationalized field test in which a new piece of equipment was used. The Accessibility Instruments Measuring Fitness and Recreation Environments (AIMFREE), was used for measuring the ease of access of fitness amenities in the built environment, equipment, swimming pools, information, facility policies, and professional behaviour. All the facilities that the test was carried out on confirmed low to moderate levels of accessibility. Some of the deficiencies showed a cause for concern with the Disability Act guidelines regarding the built setting; other problems related to parts of the facility such as the equipment, information, policies, and professional staff (Davies, 2002). Many studies have been carried out in an increased effort to find connections between disability and physical activity but despite this increased effort problems still remain (Fitzgerald, 2008). Hezkiah (2005) stated that young disabled people demonstrated low levels of physical activity and perceptual motor difficulties compared to young people without a disability. This low level of activity and motor learning affects their ability to learn. Major barriers to young disabled people include language conception which is vital for following commands, and physical disabilities, which have an effect on their capability to carry out motor skills (Gatward and Burrell, 2002; Gordon and Williams, 2003). These limits can have an effect on their motivation and add to restricted opportunities for regular involvement in movement, physical activity and sports, which consecutively affects their capability to develop and progress in these important areas of growth and development. Finch et al (2001) set out to determine how important barriers linked with disability are to peoples levels of physical activity. During the study the participants were asked a series of questions to answer for a range of information, and were then asked to specify which physical activities they participate in. The subjects were asked to provide the reasons preventing their contribution in physical activities. No clear inclusion or exclusion information was given therefore the reasons would be their own personal feelings. Findings of the study have shown that 20% of the participants acknowledged current injury or disability as one of the barriers to additional physical activity, with half of the participants expressing it as the most important grounds as to why they do not take part in more physical activities. Current injury or disability was a barrier to physical activity in older people more often than younger participants. Injury or disability was the main difficulty to participate in physical activity for people who are obese based on their body mass index (BMI) more often than those who were underweight or normal weight. Another finding during the study suggested that current injury or disability was a major barrier for people who were not very active more often than people with a high current physical activity level. The findings suggested the importance to target the support of physical activity to older adults and overweight people particularly to get them active by giving them access to facilities along with the inclusion to the activities. They go on to identify the problems that can occur with disability. They state that a person would stop exercising because of a disability rather than just becoming overweight and not exercise because of the weight problem. Rimmer et al (2004) recognized a variety of barriers and facilitators that were associated with participation levels in health and leisure programs and amenities amongst persons with disabilities. The results showed that the participants reported 178 barriers and 130 facilitators. The problems identified were barriers and facilitators connected to the built and natural environment along with economic issues. Emotional and psychological barriers were also identified as a problem. The amount of involvement in physical activity among people with disabilities is affected by a multi-factorial set of barriers and facilitators. Future research could utilize information conducted by Rimmer et al (2004) to develop participation schemes that have a superior probability of accomplishment. A report from the EFDS, (2005) showed that whilst young disabled people valued sport and recreation opportunities, they do not access their chances for physical activity on a regular basis. Disability is not a barrier to participation in sport and leisure. Regardless of rising guidelines and legislation encouraging improved participation in sports and physical exercise by young disabled people, only a restricted quantity of young disabled people do take part in physical activity. Only a small number of young disabled people have access to sport and physical activity opportunities outside the activities obtainable inside curricular time which includes after-school clubs, community opportunities, and general play. The most significant factor that was found to have an effect on physical activity involvement was the persons impairment, with those with multiple impairments less probable to take part than those with a single impairment (Maloney et al, 1993). The most frequent curriculum sports linked with impairment groups and genders were Swimming, Boccia, Ball Games, Football, Athletics, and Cricket. Swimming, Football, Badminton, and theme parks were the most frequent sports and activities participated in, in a community setting. Activities such as Swimming, Boccia, Athletics and Horse Ridding had an important position for the young disabled people with multiple impairments. Barriers to participation included access to facilities and equipment. Improvements in facilities and access to equipment would improve access to sports and recreation opportunities (Williams, 2005) In studies, young disabled people have expressed a fondness for taking part in physical activity when participating in a sporting environment particularly if it was organised within a disability sports club with other people with comparable impairments or an after school club with friends. With consideration to the type of activity, results showed that young disabled people would like to participate in activities that young disabled people already participating in (EFDS, 2005). There are many initiatives set up to give people with a disability an opportunity to participate in sport and physical actvity (Norwich, 2007). The Inclusive Fitness Initiative (IFI) is a proposal that supports the fitness production to develop into a more inclusive plan that can cater for the needs of both disabled and non-disabled people alike. Through a variety of developments, the initiative has maintained facilities across England to produce a comprehensive service which results in increasing participation levels by disabled people. Parasport is a combined proposal between the British Paralympic Association (BPA) and the services services firm Deloitte. Their aim is to amplify participation levels in competitive sporting events. Parasport aims to improve how talented sports people are being identified and aims to support them at a community level. They plan to provide bursaries to talented and high potential athletes through a partnership with SportsAid. With this help they also set out to establish a new Disability Sports Institute known as Parasport, run by the BPA. The BPA is the body responsible for the elite side of disability sport, although the Parasport project is open to all abilities. Another initiative in place is The Talented Athlete Scholarship Scheme (TASS). This scheme is set up in England and aims to help young and talented athletes who are committed to combining their sport and education to make themselves better. Currently there are 50 sports eligible for TASS, of which 16 are disability sports. This scheme is open to people aged between 16 and 25, with an upper age limit of 35 for people with a disablity. The scheme can provide a package of sporting activities to athletes and give them the ability to access high quality training facilities. An athletics initiative has been launched in by the Sports Council Wales to encourage more children with disabilities to participate in sport. Combined with the Federation of Disability Sport Wales, athletics sessions have been introduced where children can take part in fun sessions with skilled volunteers from Welsh Athletics. The Disability Sport Wales National Community Development Programme is a joint initiative set up between the Sports Council for Wales, the Federation of Disability Sport Wales and 22 local authorities across Wales. The proposal aims to develop excellent community based sporting and leisure opportunities for disabled people throughout Wales (Hughes, 2009) Arthur and Finch (1999) said that people with a disability might recognise the physical and social benefits resulting from participating in physical activity generally. However, a failure to recognise specific guidelines on the necessary frequency and extent of physical activity in order to achieve such benefits, particularly amongst older people, contributes to low participation levels. External barriers resulting in a lack of opportunity to participate in physical activity among people with a disability have been widely discussed in literature (Arthur and Finch, 1999;; Doll-Tepper, 1999; DePauw and Gavron, 2005). Research has shown a range of issues, which include a lack of confidence. With the opportunity to participate, the confidence would grow and give the people a chance to be active. A Lack of physical and emotional support was also a factor that caused people with a disability not to take part in sport and physical activity. Not having someone to go with to the gym or sporting facility is another barrier (DePauw and Gavron, 2005). According to Arthur and Finch (1999), this poses a greater problem for those people with a disability who need some kind of physical, oral or visual assistance or moral support. Lack of information was a big factor in reasons to why they did not participate in sport. Arthur and Finch (1999) found that a lack of information held by people with a disability led to low awareness of the sorts of possible sporting activities and appropriate sport facilities. According to the English Federation of disability sport (2000), the lack of access to information has worsened. Lockwood and Lockwood (1997) and Doll-Tepper (1999) both said that the subsistence of poorly trained service providers, unsuitable activities and inflexible programmes as areas of particular concern. Both Arthur and Finch (1999) and DePauw and Gavron (1995) raise the issue of a lack of available facilities and say that the blame for this is due to cuts in funding. Arthur and Finch (1999) found that poor physical access at existing facilities could present a barrier to the participation of people with a disability in sporting activities, in terms of the inappropriate design of buildings, lack of aids and adaptations to equipment. Negative attitudes towards disability include those of other facility users. DePauw and Gavron (1995) found that college students held negative and stereotypical attitudes towards the inclusion of individuals with a disability in physical education and sport. Arthur and Finch (1999) found a correlation between the negative and conventional attitudes of other sport centre users. This then produced a lack of confidence and motivation for people with a disability. National statistics show the lowest participation rates for disabled people. They produced a Taking part and active people survey which showed that 8.8 9.5% disabled adults participated in regular moderate activity (Sport England, 2006; DCMS, 2007). It also found that 44% of disabled young people did not take part in regular physical activity (Sport England, 2001) Research has shown that disabled young people do participate in sport both in and out of school (Finch et al, 2001). However, both the overall rate of participation and the frequency with which disabled young people take part in sport is lower than for young people in general. There are also important differences between participation in school compared with out of school participation. In school young disabled people participated in sport more frequently than they did out of school. However, this pattern was the reverse for all young people (Corneliben and Pfeifer, 2007) An initiative set up in Ireland is called Disability Sport Donegal. This scheme aims to give children an opportunity to participate in sporting activities. They aim to offer a wide range of activities that include Boccia and martial arts. They develop the programme for inclusion into sports for disabled people. They also look to form a relationship with local schools to include children in sporting activities. With the inclusion within schools they can then develop programmes out side of school and give opportunities to disabled children and adults to take part in sports clubs that provide the safe, fun environment and facilities that are needed to give a wider range of activities to disabled people (Donegal Sports 2007) Research has shown that many people with a disability do not take part in sport because they dont have access to the facilities or equipment they needed (Paciorek and Jones, 2001). In addition travel was shown to be a barrier as they were unable to get to and from any accessible venues. Lack of information was a problem for the many of the participants and parents because they were unaware of facilities or clubs offering activities for disability. Organisations were identified during the questioning, including Viva project and RCT Tigers. Viva is a registered Charity that was established in November 1992 to work with young people with a disability aged between 11 and 25 with who live in Rhondda Cynon Taff. The ethos of the Viva project is to facilitate and support all of its youth members to become fully involved in community activities. Viva believes this encourages young people to develop better liberty and make more choices for themselves. The main aim of Viva is to challenge members to raise their ambitions while they broaden their experiences and abilities. They try to give confidence to the members to develop greater independence and make more knowledgeable choices for themselves. At the same time they expect to raise community awareness in accepting disabled young people as valued citizens (Sports Council Wales, 2006) Vivas aim is to create equal and respected relationships between disabled young people and their non disabled peers. They look for disabled young people to participate in active community amenities, which they may have been conventionally excluded from because of the stigma and separation that is related with disability. Viva believe that by giving young people the same chances as their peers, people can learn and work together to meet the challenges we face in life. RCT Tigers FC is a pan disability football club for young children in the Rhondda Cynon Taff Area which was set up in January 2008. It was founded to improve opportunities for disability sports in Rhondda Cynon Taff. With these organisations set up it is important that extra work is conducted to make them successful. It is imperative because without these organisations people with a disability would not be able to take part in any sport or physical activity. It is also important to develop new initiatives as well as making the existing organisations more accessible by better information and promotion. With the development of initiatives, disability in sport can develop and give opportunity to people where participation would be difficult and inaccessible (Yuen et al, 2007). In conclusion I feel that physical activity and sports participation can improve a disabled persons health and well-being. Regular exercise and inclusion in sports by disabled people is as important as it is for their active counterparts. Professionals working with people with disabilities should enthusiastically encourage participation in sports and recreation activities. The relationship of sports for the disabled is difficult. Sports are a rehabilitating tool for integration into society and a way for them to remain active. In addition, sports and disability as portrayed by the media often still broadcast existing stereotypes that erect social barriers for the disabled, in the area of social perception (Barton, 2001) Sports for the disabled still remain an understudied area and should be improved greatly if it is to develop. A development for disability in sport is needed because there are people who cannot participate in sport because of reasons beyond their own control. For most disabled people, their disability is not the barrier and therefore more should be done to overcome barriers that could be easily eradicated (Barton, 1989)

Business Plan for a Car Wash Essay example -- essays research papers

1.0 BUSINESS PROFILE 1.1 Business Description Modern people are very busy and they often neglect to clean their cars, and sometimes the limited living space also is the problem for the people who want to clean their car but they do not have space to clean their car, especially in Taiwan. Therefore, the car wash shops are increasing quickly, and people are happy to send their cars there. In Taiwan, hand-washing cars is more popular, because the customers think using hands to wash is softer. It does not damage the pain of the cars, and it is a luxury way to take care their cars. Kevin Car Wash ( ¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœKCW) business is a newly established car washing company located in the city of Kaoshung, in the south of Taiwan.  ¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœKCW was established to cater for people who are busy and often neglect to clean their cars as well as those people who have difficulty cleaning their cars at their homes because they do not have an available area. Taiwanese people believe that washing cars by hand is better for the cars paint because washing by hand is softer than by mechanical washing. This car washing shop will be about 100~150 squares in size and will be located on the corner of the street in the central. 1.2 Business Mission Statement  ¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœKCW is dedicated to providing its customers the ultimate car wash & care experience. Focusing all of its energy and resources on customer satisfaction and value, while providing owners and employees an excellent reward. 1.3 Situation Analysis  ¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœKCW is entering their first year of operation. Kevin believes that a comprehensive marketing strategy will be key to the success of the business.  ¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœKCW offers a premium hand car washing service provided by a well-known local family. The basic market need is a premium car washing service that is far less abrasive than the traditional automatic car washes. 1.3.1 Pest Analysis Political Factors Economic Factors Social Factors Technical Factors 1.4 SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis captures the key strength and weaknesses within the company, and describes the opportunities and threats facing  ¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœKCW. 1.4.1 Strengths  ¡Ã‚ ¤Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Good relationships with many perspective customers in the target market.  ¡Ã‚ ¤Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strong family name recognition and equity in the community.  ¡Ã‚ ¤Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Well trained employees. 1.4.2 Weaknesses  ¡Ã‚ ¤Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The need... ...le risk, and it may cause the price of petrol to getting higher; the exchange rate of currency to change. If the price of petrol gets higher and the exchange rate of currency is changed this will decrease the usage and sales of cars. Under this situation, the car washing shop will decrease the demands from the car drivers. They prefer to use the public transportation than using their own cars. Furthermore, the environment regulation is the important issue that  ¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœKCW need to consider all the time, because if my car washing shop disobeys the rules, the shop may lose its the operation license or even be closed down by the law. 8.2 Contingency Plan To create a contingency plan  ¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœKCW are considering the following factor and areas. Again, once  ¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœKCW has this plan will help its operation and compete with its competitor. Difficulties and Risks  ¡Ã‚ ¤Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Problems generating visibility.  ¡Ã‚ ¤Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overly aggressive and debilitating actions by competitors. Worst Case Risks May Include  ¡Ã‚ ¤Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Determining that the business cannot support itself on an ongoing basis.  ¡Ã‚ ¤Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Having to liquidate equipment to cover liabilities. REFERENCES 1. http://www.glaze.com.tw/procedure1.htm

Americanization of Canada

Former Canadian Prime Minister, Trudeau once compared living next to America to sleeping with an elephant. He said, â€Å"You can not help but be aware of its every movement. † American culture influences not only Canadian culture but also the culture of every country in the world. Sneakers, blue jeans, burgers, and Hollywood blockbusters are only some of the many ways American culture impacts everybody.One of the most telling signs of Americanization seems to be the spread of American burgers and cola to nearly every country on earth, crowning the United States as the king of pop culture. Since the start of the 21st century, the massive role that the United States plays in every aspect of Canadian life continues to grow more apparent. Canada and America are each others main allies because of their proximity in terms of culture, history and geography. Canada’s floundering identity is slowly diluting and digressing towards a more assertive American way of life.By choosin g to model their society and economy after America's, the threat of Canada failing to create a distinctive heritage for itself becomes much more realistic and apparent. By defining America, their society, and economy one can see the threat of Canada losing its heritage is increasing. The Canadian and American relationship is much like the relationship of Siamese twins. They can not be separated without one of them dying and they can not be apart no matter how hard they try.This makes it even more difficult for Canada to establish their own identity and purpose because America’s cultural influences are so profound and apparent in Canadian culture and way of life. No matter how hard they try, Canada’s culture will always be intertwined with America’s culture. The media is one major way that America has influenced Canada. Canada does not have a true identity and from an outsider of both countries, they will often confuse America and Canada.

Free Essays on Analysis Of “A Good Man Is Hard To Find“

Analysis of â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† The short story by Flannery O’Connor, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, is about a family that takes a vacation to Florida and somehow along the way manages to get murdered by a man who calls himself â€Å"The Misfit†, and two of his friends. Flannery O’Connor’s story has many important elements, but what makes this story special is the combined use of character development and irony. The short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery O’Connor was written in 1955 during a time when most people in small communities were very religious and followed the Christian faith very strictly. In the story, the grandmother and The Misfit briefly discuss religion, particularly about Jesus and the miracle of resurrection from the dead. O’Connor’s use of this religious belief appeals to the audience of the 1950’s in a way that puzzles the reader and creates a mysterious wonder of uncertainty for the antagonist of the story. With this character development, the grandmother makes a certain ironic mistake that causes The Misfit to think about the terrible things he has done. In the story The Misfit said, â€Å"Jesus was the only One that ever raised the dead,† The Misfit continued, â€Å"and He shouldn’t have done it. He thown everything off balance. If He did what He said, then its nothing for you to do but thow away everything and follow Him, and if He didn’t, then its nothing for you to do but enjoy the few minutes you got left the Wagers 2 best way you can- by killing somebody or burning down his house or doing some other meanness to him. The grandmother made the terrible mistake and said, â€Å"Maybe He didn’t raise the dead.† She sparks a fire of resentment and anger The Misfit has for all the bad things he has done. When he said, â€Å"I wasn’t there so I can’t say He didn’t.† The Misfit shows an emotional dought that maybe everything he ... Free Essays on Analysis Of â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Findâ€Å" Free Essays on Analysis Of â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Findâ€Å" Analysis of â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† The short story by Flannery O’Connor, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, is about a family that takes a vacation to Florida and somehow along the way manages to get murdered by a man who calls himself â€Å"The Misfit†, and two of his friends. Flannery O’Connor’s story has many important elements, but what makes this story special is the combined use of character development and irony. The short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery O’Connor was written in 1955 during a time when most people in small communities were very religious and followed the Christian faith very strictly. In the story, the grandmother and The Misfit briefly discuss religion, particularly about Jesus and the miracle of resurrection from the dead. O’Connor’s use of this religious belief appeals to the audience of the 1950’s in a way that puzzles the reader and creates a mysterious wonder of uncertainty for the antagonist of the story. With this character development, the grandmother makes a certain ironic mistake that causes The Misfit to think about the terrible things he has done. In the story The Misfit said, â€Å"Jesus was the only One that ever raised the dead,† The Misfit continued, â€Å"and He shouldn’t have done it. He thown everything off balance. If He did what He said, then its nothing for you to do but thow away everything and follow Him, and if He didn’t, then its nothing for you to do but enjoy the few minutes you got left the Wagers 2 best way you can- by killing somebody or burning down his house or doing some other meanness to him. The grandmother made the terrible mistake and said, â€Å"Maybe He didn’t raise the dead.† She sparks a fire of resentment and anger The Misfit has for all the bad things he has done. When he said, â€Å"I wasn’t there so I can’t say He didn’t.† The Misfit shows an emotional dought that maybe everything he ...

The Demographic Transition Definition in Sociology

The Demographic Transition Definition in Sociology Demographic transition is a model used to represent the movement of high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. It works on the premise that birth and death rates are connected to and correlate with stages of industrial development. The demographic transition model is sometimes referred to as DTM and is based on historical data and trends.   The Four Stages of Transition   Demographic transition involves four stages:   Stage 1: Death rates and birth rates are high and are roughly in balance, a common condition of a pre-industrial society. Population growth is very slow, influenced in part by the availability of food. The U.S. was said to be in Stage 1 in the 19th century.   Stage 2: This is the developing country phase. Death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in food supply and sanitation, which increases life spans and reduces disease. Without a corresponding fall in birth rates, countries in this stage experience a large increase in population. Stage 3: Birth rates fall due to access to contraception, increases in wages, urbanization, an increase in the status and education of women, and other social changes. Population growth begins to level off. Mexico is believed to be in this stage in the early decades of the millennium. Northern Europe entered this stage in the later part of the 19th century.   Stage 4:  Birth rates and death rates are both low in this stage. People born during S tage 2 are now beginning to age and require the support of a dwindling working population. Birth rates may drop below replacement level, considered to be two children per family. This leads to a shrinking population. Death rates may remain consistently low, or they may increase slightly due to increases in lifestyle diseases linked to low exercise levels and high obesity. Sweden has reached this stage in the 21st century.   The Fifth Stage of Transition   Some theorists include a fifth stage in which fertility rates begin to transition again to either above or below that which is necessary to replace the percentage of the population that is lost to death. Some say fertility levels decrease during this stage while others hypothesize that they increase. Rates are expected to increase populations in Mexico, India and the U.S. in the 21st century, and to decrease populations in Australia and China.   Birth and death rates largely plateaued in most developed nations in the late 1900s.   The Timetable There is no prescribed time within which these stages should or must take place to fit the model. Some countries, like Brazil and China, have moved through them quickly due to rapid economic changes within their borders. Other countries may languish in Stage 2 for a much longer period due to development challenges and diseases like AIDS.   Additionally, other factors not considered in the DTM can affect population. Migration and immigration are not included in this model and can affect population.

Coffee tree genome sequenced Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Coffee tree genome sequenced - Essay Example The accessibility of the absolute chloroplast genome enables an interagency spacer that can utilize genetic engineering that will improve the crop. I think the author of the article intends to report a complete sequence of the coffee chloroplast other than documenting the technological methods using new genome sequencing. The information will also compare genomic organization in lieu with phylogentic relationships of coffee with other angiosperms This article brings into focus the issue of DNA proteins in humans and genetic engineering. This is because the topic will tackle chloroplast genetic engineering of the chloroplast genome coffee. Samson et al. (342) state that coffee is one of the crucial cash crops in the world. The world consumes nearly 3 billion cups of coffee every day. The crop is second to oil in terms of foreign exchange value in many developing countries. Coffee belongs to the Rubicae family specifically of the angiosperms. The two species of coffea include Arabica and rubica . Worldwide, people use the former due to its quality and fragrance while it remains vulnerable to pest and diseases such as nematodes, coffee berry borers, fungus among others. Researchers reckon a need to improve coffee Arabica in terms of its resistance to pests like the coffea canephora that causes plenty of damage to the tree mortality and the coffee trees. Some researchers have managed to perform successful genetic coffee engineering. Some of the genetic engineering included the simultaneous cultivation of c. Arabica protoplasts in conjunction with different genes. I think the researchers acquired somatic embryos of c. Arabica through electroporation method that enabled them to combine other genes. I find that the researchers went ahead to try out different integrations in a bid to acquire a c. Arabica resistant type. It seems the efforts were in futility until they acquired

Ernesto Che Guevara, Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ernesto Che Guevara, Latin America - Essay Example On the other side, most representatives of the U.S. government overseas have always displayed a powerful ideological commitment, and never more so than during the Cold War years of the 1960s. They are often criticized, in fact, for taking a messianic approach to diplomacy. Their ideology encompasses individualism, personal rights, equal opportunity, popular democracy, and free-enterprise economics, despite whatever gaps may exist at home between ideals and reality (Llosa 45). In Cuba, 'Che' Guevara's legacy is found in spying and high number of suicides among young people, revolutionary ideas of workers and peasants, and their fighting against the government. Today, many young people in Latin America follow his ideas and ideology believing in the guerilla struggle and strike actions. In Cuba, 'Che' Guevara's ideology is still valued and followed by young people who struggle for social transformations and democratic freedoms (Anderson 161). Che' Guevara's ideology determines the social processes by which citizens and elites construct democratic state institutional structures through collective forms of organization (political parties, civic associations, social movements). Given the historical, centralized executive control over elections and the checking of the legitimacy of electoral outcomes in single-party regimes. Following Anderson (1998), the most important was "his literary legacy to Cub and a means to ensure that revolutionary principles he stood for survived on the island" (653). Guevara not only had challenged the orthodox communists' attitude toward revolution for nearly a decade but also in the process had incurred widespread... In Cuba, ‘Che’ Guevara’s ideology is still valued and followed by young people who struggle for social transformations and democratic freedoms. Che’ Guevara’s ideology determines the social processes by which citizens and elites construct democratic state institutional structures through collective forms of organization. Given the historical, centralized executive control over elections and the checking of the legitimacy of electoral outcomes in single-party regimes. Following Anderson, the most important were â€Å"his literary legacy to Cub and a means to ensure that revolutionary principles he stood for survived on the island†.Guevara not only had challenged the orthodox communists' attitude toward revolution for nearly a decade but also in the process had incurred widespread hostility. The Congo expedition might have provided Cuba with the revolutionary success it sought, but it had clearly failed. When it did, Havana returned its focus to its home turf. The Cubans had long made efforts throughout Latin America to create a sustainable revolution, doing so with relatively minor investments of men, training guerrillas from abroad, sending arms overseas, dispatching advisers to nascent rebellions.on 461).